Synopsis of the Ptiloneuropsis Roesler, 1940 (Psocodea: Psocoptera: Ptiloneuridae), with a new cave-dwelling species from Brazil.

A new cave-dwelling species of Ptiloneuropsis from southeastern Brazil, is here described based on both sexes, illustrated and named as: Ptiloneuropsis krenaki sp. nov. This new species differs from Ptiloneuropsis immaculata Roesler, 1940 and Ptiloneuropsis diamantina Silva-Neto, Garca Aldrete & Rafael, 2018 in details of the hypandrium and phallosome. In addition to the third new species of the Ptiloneuropsis, descriptions of variation in the fore and hindwings veins are also given. The diagnosis of Ptiloneuropsis is updated, and P. immaculata is redescribed. Furthermore, the first identification key for Ptiloneuropsis species, based on males, is presented.

A new species of Triplocania Roesler of the Magnifica species group (Psocodea, Psocoptera, Ptiloneuridae) from Brazil.

A new species of Triplocania Roesler included in the magnifica species-group is here described, illustrated and named as: Triplocania oiapoque n. sp. based on male and female specimens. In addition to the fourth new species of the magnifica species-group, descriptions of variations in forewing venation were also made for it, as well as an additional description of the ejaculatory duct, accessory glands, and spermatic sacs, recorded for the first time in Triplocania species. A new geographic record for Triplocania magnifica Roesler and an updated species key for the magnifica species-group are also presented.

The SISBIOTA-Diptera Brazilian Network: A long-term survey of Diptera from unexplored Brazilian Western Arc of Amazon, Cerrado, and Pantanal

ABSTRACT The SISBIOTA-BRASIL was a three-year multimillion-dollar research program of the Brazilian government to document plants and animals in endangered/understudied areas and biomes in Brazil. Distributional patterns and the historical events that generated them are extensively unknown regarding Brazilian fauna and flora. This deficiency hinders the development of conservation policies and the understanding of evolutionary processes. Conservation decisions depend on precise knowledge of the taxonomy and geographic distribution of species. Given such a premise, we proposed to research the diversity of Diptera of the Brazilian western arc of Amazon, Cerrado, and Pantanal in the states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Rondônia. Three important biomes of the South American continent characterize these Brazilian states: Amazon forest, Cerrado (Brazilian Savannah), and Pantanal. Besides their ecological relevance, these biomes historically lack intensive entomological surveys. Therefore, they are much underrepresented in the Brazilian natural history collections and in the scientific literature, which is further aggravated by the fact that these areas are being exponentially and rapidly converted to commercial lands. Our project involved over 90 collaborators from 24 different Brazilian institutions and one from Colombia among researchers, postdocs, graduate and undergraduate students, and technicians. We processed and analyzed nearly 300,000 specimens from ~60 families of Diptera collected with a large variety of methods in the sampled areas. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the genera and species diversity of 41 families treated. Our results point to a total of 2,130 species and 514 genera compiled and identified for the three states altogether, with an increase of 41% and 29% in the numbers of species and genera known for the three states combined, respectively. Overall, the 10 most species-rich families were Tachinidae, Cecidomyiidae, Tabanidae, Psychodidae, Sarcophagidae, Stratiomyidae, Bombyliidae, Syrphidae, Tephritidae, and Asilidae. The 10 most diverse in the number of genera were Tachinidae, Stratiomyidae, Asilidae, Mycetophilidae, Syrphidae, Tabanidae, Muscidae, Dolichopodidae, Sarcophagidae, and Chloropidae. So far, 111 scientific papers were published regarding taxonomic, phylogenetic, and biogeographical aspects of the studied families, with the description of 101 new species and three new genera. We expect that additional publications will result from this investigation because several specimens are now curated and being researched by specialists.

Three new species of Euplocania Enderlein (Psocodea, 'Psocoptera', Ptiloneuridae), for the state of Roraima, Brazil

The three new species of Brazilian Euplocania are described and illustrated, two species belong in the amabilis species group (Euplocania maraca sp. nov. and Euplocania ufrr sp. nov.) and one species belong in the marginata species group (Euplocania macuxi sp. nov.). Information on species groups, species subgroups and distribution by Brazilian states is included for known species of Euplocania.(AU)

Brasineura Silva-Neto amp; García Aldrete (Psocodea, 'Psocoptera', Ptiloneuridae): new species, new records and variation in the wing venations.

Two new species of Brasineura are described from Brazil based on male specimens: Brasineura calori sp. n. (Bahia: Brazil) and Brasineura morrense sp. n. (Bahia: Brazil). They differ from the other species in the genus, in which the males are known, by hypandrium and phallosome structures. New records and comments on variation in the fore- and hind- wing venation of B. troglophilica Silva-Neto García Aldrete and B. diamantina Silva-Neto García Aldrete are presented. The identification key to male Brasineura species is updated.

Insect (Hexapoda) diversity in the oceanic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: updated taxonomic checklist and new records

ABSTRACT Hexapods, commonly known as insects, are a neglected taxonomic group in the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, with unanswered questions about their species richness and the ecological processes in which they are involved (e.g., colonization, introduction, establishment, and extinction). Herein, we provide an updated Hexapod checklist with current nomenclatural combinations. The entomofauna of the Fernando de Noronha archipelago is currently composed of 453 species in 21 orders. The orders, and their respective number of species, are: Blattaria (9), Coleoptera (118), Collembola (29), Dermaptera (3), Diplura (1), Diptera (134), Embioptera (1), Hemiptera (29), Hymenoptera (59), Isoptera (2), Lepidoptera (25), Mantodea (1), Neuroptera (3), Odonata (5), Orthoptera (11), Phasmatodea (1), Phthiraptera (6), Psocoptera (3), Siphonaptera (1), Thysanoptera (10), and Zygentoma (2). The archipelago has 263 new taxon records (family + genera + species). Thirty-eight species (3.39%) were described from local specimens and most of them are likely endemic species. This study more than doubles our knowledge (from the previous 190 records) of the entomofauna in this large Brazilian archipelago. This study also provides a baseline for studies on its conservation status and for implementing future environmental management programs.

Phylogenetic relationships of the genera of Ptiloneuridae (Psocodea, 'Psocoptera', Epipsocetae) and a test on the monophyly of Brasineura Silva-Neto & García Aldrete and Loneuroides García Aldrete.

The phylogenetic relationships of the genera of Ptiloneuridae were inferred on the basis of morphological characters of adult specimens. Two distinct clades are recognized: one, including Belicania, Euplocania, Omilneura, Perucania, Timnewia and Triplocania, and the other, including Brasineura, Loneura, Loneuroides, Ptiloneura, Ptiloneuropsis and Willreevesia. Brasineura and Loneuroides are recognized as monophyletic. A correction of nomenclature for the parts of the phallosome in Brasineura was made; we also modified the identification key to the genera of Ptiloneuridae, in the couplets that separate Loneura from Brasineura.

Twelve new species of Triplocania Roesler (Psocodea: 'Psocoptera': Ptiloneuridae), from South America.

Twelve species of Triplocania, seven based on male and female specimens and five based on male specimens, are here described and illustrated; nine species are Brazilian, three are Ecuadorian, and one of the latter is shared with Peru. Comments on sexes known and distribution of the species are included.

Two new species of Lachesilla in species groups riegeli and forcepeta (Psocodea, 'Psocoptera', Lachesillidae), from the state of Bahia, Brazil

Two new species of Lachesilla in species groups riegeli and forcepeta (Psocodea, 'Psocoptera', Lachesillidae), from the state of Bahia, Brazil.Two new species of Lachesilla from the Brazilian state of Bahia are here described and illustrated. Lachesilla cladoclaspers sp. nov., in species group riegeli, was collected in the Chapada Diamantina, Lachesilla nilopecanhensis sp. nov., in species group forcepeta, was collected in Nilo Peçanha, southern Bahia.